酒的分類與定義
Alcohol classification and definition
定義 Definition
依據菸酒管理法:
第 四 條 本法所稱酒，指含酒精成分以容量計算超過百分之零點五之飲料、其他可供製造或調製上項飲料之未變性酒精及其他製品。但經中央衛生主管機關依相關法律或法規命令認屬藥品之酒類製劑，不以酒類管理。
本法所稱酒精成分，指攝氏檢溫器20度時，原容量中含有乙醇之容量百分比。
本法所稱未變性酒精，指含酒精成分以容量計算超過90%，且未添加變性劑之酒精。
未變性酒精之進口，以供工業、製藥、醫療、軍事、檢驗、實驗研究、能源、製酒或其他經中央主管機關公告之用途為限。
產製或進口供製酒之未變性酒精，以符合國家標準之食用酒精為限。
有關未變性酒精之販賣登記、購買用途證明、變性、變性劑添加、進銷存量陳報、倉儲地點及其他有關產製、進口、販賣等事項之管理辦法，由中央主管機關定之。
"Alcohol" as referred to in this Act shall mean beverages having an alcohol content by volume of more than 0.5 percent, and undenatured ethyl alcohol and other ethyl products that can be used for the production or preparation of the above-mentioned beverages. Alcohol which is regarded as medicine in accordance with the laws or regulations of the central health authority shall be exempt from administration as "alcohol" under this Act.
The term "alcohol content," as used in this Act, means the percentage of ethyl alcohol contained in the entire volume (of a specific beverage) at a temperature of 20 degrees as measured with a Celsius thermometer.
The term "undenatured ethyl alcohol," as used in this Act, means ethyl alcohol with an alcohol content by volume in excess of 90%, without adding therein any denaturant.
Undenatured ethyl alcohol may be imported only for industrial, pharmaceutical, medical, military, testing, experimental research, energy, alcohol production, or other uses which have been publicly announced by the competent authority.
Production or importation of undenatured ethyl alcohol for use in alcohol production is restricted to that which meets national standards for edible ethyl alcohol.
Regulations governing the registration for sale, documents evidencing purpose of purchase, denaturing, denaturing additives, reporting of inventory volumes of alcohol imported for sale, locations of storage sites, and other matters related to the production, import, and sale of undenatured ethyl alcohol will be prescribed by the central competent authority.
分類 Classification
依據菸酒管理法施行細則第三條:
分類 | 定義 Define | 細分類 classify |
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1 | 啤酒類 Beer | 指以麥芽、啤酒花為主要原料，添加或不添加其他穀類或澱粉為副原料，經糖化、發酵製成之含碳酸氣酒精飲料，可添加或不添加植物性輔料。 Saccharified and fermented carbonated alcoholic beverages brewed from malt and hops as primary raw materials, with or without other grains or starch as supplementary raw materials; complementary plant ingredients may or may not be added. | (啤酒與果汁混合之調製酒品（於啤酒發酵完成後始混合果汁），如啤酒含量比率大於或等於50%者，其產品種類應標示啤酒類) |
2 | 水果釀造酒類 Wine | 指以水果為原料，發酵製成之下列含酒精飲料 Following alcoholic beverages are brewed from fermented fruits as raw materials: | （一）葡萄酒： 以葡萄為原料製成之釀造酒。(香檳及葡萄製之汽泡酒) （二）其他水果酒： 以葡萄以外之其他水果為原料或含二種以上水果為原料製成之釀造酒。 (1) Grape wine: Wine brewed from grapes as raw materials; (2) Other fruit wine: Wine brewed from fruits other than grapes, or from two or more kinds of fruits, as raw materials. |
3 | 穀類釀造酒類 Beverages brewed from grains | 指以穀類為原料，經糖化、發酵製成之釀造酒。 Saccharified and fermented alcoholic beverages brewed from grains as raw materials. | (清酒) |
4 | 其他釀造酒類 Other brewed alcoholic beverages | 指前三款以外之釀造酒。 Brewed alcoholic beverages other than those set forth in the preceding three subparagraphs. |
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5 | 蒸餾酒類 Distilled spirits | 指以水果、糧穀類及其他含澱粉或糖分之農產品為原料，經糖化或不經糖化，發酵後，再經蒸餾而得之下列含酒精飲料 The following spirit drinks made from fruit, grain, or starch- or sugar-containing plants by saccharification or not, fermentation, and then distillation | （一）白蘭地： 以水果為原料，經發酵、蒸餾、貯存於木桶六個月以上，其酒精成分不低於百分之三十六之蒸餾酒。 （二）威士忌： 以穀類為原料，經糖化、發酵、蒸餾，貯存於木桶二年以上，其酒精成分不低於百分之四十之蒸餾酒。 （三）白酒： 以糧穀類為主要原料，採用各種麴類或酵素及酵母等糖化發酵劑，經糖化、發酵、蒸餾、熟成、勾兌調和而製成之蒸餾酒。 係指稻米、高梁、玉米、大麥、小麥、蕎麥、粟(小米)、薯類、芋頭及山藥等糧穀。 （四）米酒： 以米類為原料，採用酒麴或酵素，經液化、糖化、發酵及蒸餾而製成之蒸餾酒。 （五）其他蒸餾酒： 前四目以外之蒸餾酒。(伏特加、蘭姆酒) (1)Brandy: Distilled spirits made from fruit by fermentation, distillation, and maturation in wooden casks for at least six months, with an alcohol content of not less than 36 percent. (2)Whisky: Distilled spirits made from grain by saccharification, fermentation, distillation, and maturation in wooden casks for at least two years, with an alcohol content of not less than 40 percent. (3)Clear spirits: Distilled spirits made from grain as raw materials by saccharification, fermentation, distillation, maturation, and blending, using various yeasts or enzymes and ferments. (4)Rice spirits：Distilled spirits made from rice as raw material through the process of liquidization, saccharification, fermentation, and distillation, using koji or enzymes. (5)Other distilled spirits: Distilled spirits other than those set forth in the preceding four items. |
6 | 再製酒類 Reprocessed alcoholic beverages | 指以食用酒精、釀造酒或蒸餾酒為基酒，加入動植物性輔料、藥材、礦物或其他食品添加物，調製而成之酒精飲料，其抽出物含量不低於百分之二者。 Alcoholic beverages utilizing edible ethyl alcohol, brewed alcoholic beverages or distilled spirits as a base, with additional complementary animal or plant ingredients, medicinal materials, minerals, or other food additives for reprocessing, and having an extract content of not less than two percent of the total volume. | (合成清酒、啤酒與果汁混合之調製酒品（於啤酒發酵完成後始混合果汁），如啤酒含量比率未達50%且抽出物含量大於或等於2%者，標示再製酒類。) |
7 | 料理酒類 Cooking alcohols | 指下列專供烹調用之酒 Alcohols exclusively used for cooking as follows | （一）一般料理酒： 以穀類或其他含澱粉之植物性原料，經糖化後加入食用酒精製得產品為基酒，或直接以食用酒精、釀造酒、蒸餾酒為基酒，加入百分之零點五以上之鹽，添加或不添加其他調味料，調製而成供烹調用之酒；所稱加入百分之零點五以上之鹽，指每一百毫升料理酒含零點五公克以上之鹽。 （二）料理米酒： 以米類為原料，經糖化、發酵、蒸餾、調和或不調和食用酒精而製成之酒，其成品酒之酒精成分以容量計算不得超過百分之二十，且包裝標示專供烹調用酒之字樣者。 (1) General cooking wine: Alcoholic beverages made for cooking from grains or other starch-containing plants with additional edible ethyl alcohol after saccharification as a base, or using edible ethyl alcohol, fermented alcohol, or distilled spirits directly as a base with a salt content of 0.5 percent or greater, and with or without additional flavors. The aforesaid salt content of 0.5 percent or greater shall refer to each 100 ml of cooking alcoholic beverages containing 0.5g salt or greater. (2) Cooking rice wine: Alcohol products made from rice as a raw material through the process of saccharification, fermentation, distillation, either blended or not blended with edible ethyl alcohol. The alcohol content for the rice wine shall not exceed 20 percent of the total volume. The labeling of ‘exclusively used for cooking’ on the package is required. |
8 | 酒精類 Ethyl alcohol | 指下列含酒精成分超過百分之九十之未變性酒精 Undenatured ethyl alcohol with an alcohol content in excess of 90 percent as follows | （一）食用酒精： 以糧穀、薯類、甜菜、糖蜜、蜂蜜或水果等為原料，經酒精發酵、蒸餾製成符合CNS一五三五一食用酒精國家標準，且含酒精成分在百分之九十五以上之未變性酒精。 （二）非食用酒精前目食用酒精以外含酒精成分超過百分之九十之未變性酒精。 (1) Edible ethyl alcohol: Undenatured ethyl alcohol, meeting National Standard of the Republic of China (CNS) 15351 Edible Alcohol, made by the fermentation and distillation of ethyl alcohol from grains, tubers, beets, molasses, honey, fruit, or the like, and having an alcohol content of 95 percent or greater. (2) Non-edible ethyl alcohol: Undenatured ethyl alcohol other than edible ethyl alcohol set forth in the preceding sub-item, with an alcohol content in excess of 90 percent. |
9 | 其他酒類 Other alcoholic beverages | 指前八款以外之含酒精飲料 Other kinds of alcohol not included in those set forth in the preceding eight subparagraphs. | 包含以食用酒精添加香料製成之酒品 |
一般酒精
大致分為兩類，可宣稱具有殺菌、醫療用等療效功能，屬於藥品，應申請藥證。未申請藥證的酒精，則不得進行相關療效宣稱，屬於一般商品。
1. 藥用酒精，應遵守藥事法管理。
2.一般酒精，依消保法、商品標示法管理。
「防疫酒精」，嚴重特殊傳染性肺炎中央流行疫情指揮中心(下稱指揮中心)指示產銷防疫清潔用之75%酒精，依傳染病防治法第55條規定，其標示得不適用商品標示法規範。惟須加註「防疫期間清潔專用，非供食用」等文字。
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